In Spanish with English subtitles.
When we first meet Don Diego de Zama (Daniel Giménez Cacho)—a middle-aged, minor Spanish colonial official stationed in Argentina’s interior in the late 18th century—he’s crouched in the reeds, spying on Black women bathing in a muddy river. One spots him and charges. His response is to slap her relentlessly, again and again. Not to injure her, just to exert what little power he has over her. He got caught doing something juvenile, and maybe he’s embarrassed by it, maybe angry. But she’s the one who committed the worse of the crimes: insolence.
Next we learn that Zama has one ambition, one that he pursues relentlessly: to be transferred to the city of Lerma. Lerma promises centrality and power. What he has instead is stagnation. He files petitions and flatters superiors. He makes himself small. He waits for official word of his transfer to come in. Then waits longer. Nothing. Zama serves the Crown, but the Crown is spectral. He’s trying to climb a ladder, but it doesn’t just lead nowhere—it was never anchored to anything to begin with.
There is still a colonial power structure here, but it exists only in gestures—formal greetings and bows. Empty rituals performed by men who are too proud to notice that nobody beyond their little environment notices them. Zama’s only duty is to sign paperwork, and he does that with a kind of practiced pomp. These are empty rituals performed by men who are too proud to notice that nobody notices them. They might have thought they were getting into colonialism as conquest, but all they got was colonialism as inertia. There’s no grandeur. Only formality and heatstroke.
What gives the film its incredible sense of texture is its setting. If this isn’t one of the most authentic-looking films about colonial South America, then I don’t know what is. Each frame is a portrait warped by humidity. You can feel the heat and humidity pressing in. The interiors feel suffocating. Colonial uniforms wilt on bodies that never belonged in this climate. Wigs slip. Uniforms sag. Insects buzz in rooms where nothing else moves, especially the people. Landscapes stretch into nothing. Sunlight falls on faces that seem startled just to be alive. This is a movie that feels surreal and precise in equal measure.
It would be an understatement to say Zama is not an exciting movie. It’s an uncomfortable one. But it’s also immersive and brilliant. Dryly comic, hypnotically strange, quietly damning. This is not a movie you follow so much as one you surrender to.